Structure is a key element to any form of literature, whether it is a novel, a poem, a play, etc. Understanding the structure of a piece of literature is vital to understanding the purpose and meaning behind it because the structure is the foundation upon which the author is attempting to convey his or her message. In Crime and Punishment Fyodor Dostoevsky incorporates his message into the structure of the novel through the ways in which he divides his novel. He creates three distinct divisions in the novel, each representing a different state of Raskolnikov. These three divisions consist of the old Raskolnikov, the turning point of Raskolnikov and the birth of a new Raskolnikov. The different divisions or states symbolize Dostoevsky's message towards criminality and his criticism of Friedrich Nietzsche's idea known as the Übermensch. By analyzing each of these divisions, we can see how Dostoevsky incorporated his message into the structure of the novel. The first of the three divisions that occur is Raskolnikov of antiquity. This division occurs in the first part of the novel and describes Raskolnikov's state that led to the crime, and it is important to note the structure within the first part itself. From the beginning, Raskolnikov is described as being in a troubled state as he is described as being “in a state of excessive tension, irritable, bordering on hypochondria,” and that he has been in this state for some time (Dostoevsky 1). He adopted seclusion because he “feared meeting, not only his landlady but anyone else,” and because he “had given up dealing with matters of practical importance; he had lost all desire to do so” (Dostoevsky 1). His state is continually described throughout the first part, and Dostoevsky emphasizes this to Ras... in the center of the paper... to convey. The structure highlights Raskolnikov's different states throughout his criminal journey, and the divisions it creates show the reader the evolution Raskolnikov goes through. Dostoevsky uses structure to highlight this evolution because it is an essential component of his message. Evolution demonstrates the effects that crime and punishment have on a criminal, and is also critical of the philosophy of the Übermensch. The evolution shows how Raskolnikov finally comes to peace and happiness after accepting that he committed a crime due to “the strength of his desires” and for the betterment of others (Dostoevsky 466). This revealed the flaw in the ideology of the Übermensch in that anyone can think they are doing good, and therefore the idea of ​​the Übermensch would cause many to mistakenly think of themselves as greater than others..