Human existence takes place in social institutions where communication and interpersonal cooperation are necessary for coexistence. The benefits gained from participating in these institutions are economic, socio-emotional, or a combination of both. Economic benefits provide a means to obtain material goods and comfort, while social-emotional benefits provide individuals with status or value within a group. How these benefits are distributed in society is of great importance to individuals (Schminke, Ambrose, & Noel, 1997). In general, society expects some kind of measure of equality. Organizational justice refers to the role of fairness in the workplace. Fairness is a perception related to three types of justice: distributive, procedural and interactional. Before 1975, organizational justice research focused on distributive justice. Distributive justice is defined as fair or unfair based on the perception of fairness among stakeholders within a specific group or class (Schminke et al., 1997). Stakeholders determine the fairness of distribution through comparison with others. If all members of a class or group receive the same amount of benefits for their contributions, the organization is perceived as fair. Individuals are more likely to sacrifice on behalf of the collective group if they believe the organization is fair and just (Schminke et al., 1997). Conversely, if benefits are not distributed equally within the class, individuals are more likely to view the organization as unfair, which can create tensions that lead to deviant behavior (Al-zu'bi, 2010). According to social exchange theory, people evaluate fairness by considering outcome over contributions. Alloc...... middle of paper......61&RQT=309&VName=PQD Colquitt, JA, Conlon, DE, Wesson, MJ, Porter, CO, & Ng, KY (2001, June). Justice at the Millennium: A meta-analytic review of 25 years of organizational justice research. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86(3), 425-445. doi: 10.1037//0021-9010.86.3.425Greenberg, J.S., & Cropanzano, R.S. (Eds.). (2001). Advances in organizational justice [ebrary]. Retrieved from http://site.ebrary.com/lib/cochise/Doc?id=10040245Hastings, S. E., & Finegan, J. E. (2011, June). The role of ethical ideology in reactions to injustice. Journal of Business Ethics, 100(4), 689-703. doi:10.1007/s10551-010-0704-xSchminke, M., Ambrose, M. L., & Noel, T. W. (1997, October). The effect of ethical frameworks on perceptions of organizational justice. The Journal of the Academy of Management, 40(5), 1190-1207. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/256932