A model is a simplified representation of the structure and content of a phenomenon or system that describes or explains the complex relationships between concepts within the system and integrates elements of theory and practice (Creek et al 1993). A nursing model is a collection of ideas and knowledge that represents nursing from the authors' perspective, presenting different ways of looking at and understanding nursing (Aggleton & Chalmers, 2000; Therefore, the nursing model is a concept of what nursing is and is used as a tool to assess patient needs/problems. The nursing model differentiates nursing from other disciplines and activities in that it is intended to describe, explain, predict, and control the desired outcomes of nursing care. nursing practices. Models can be tested, modified, or used to guide research or provide a basis for evaluation (Blais, 2002). There are many models available including Roper Logan Tierney (RLT) (1996). The RLT model, which my portfolio is based on, offers a framework for nurses to be able to ensure that individuality is taken into account when undertaking nursing. To ensure that all aspects of an individual's life are integrated into an effective care plan, Roper et al. (1996) uses a problem solving approach and the nursing process along with their nursing model. The RLT model is holistic, identifying five components, including activities of daily living (ADL), lifespan, dependence/independence, factors influencing AL, and individuality in life, which are interrelated ( Healy & Timmins, 2003; Holland et al, 2004; Roper et al, 1996). Roper et al (2000) see the patient as an individual who lives the whole lifespan, with changing levels of dependence and independence, depending on age, circumstances and environment (Healy & Timmins, 2003). The twelve ADLs are influenced by five factors, namely; biological, psychological, sociocultural, environmental and political-economic (Healy & Timmins, 2003; Holland et al, 2004; Roper et al, 1996). The RLT model individualizes care using the nursing process. The model guides the nursing process, as it informs the nurse to assess ADLs (Holland et al, 2003; Roper et al, 2000; Tierney, 1998). Nursing models are flexible and can be modified to achieve personalized care, meaning that an individual patient's needs are met at a particular time (Radwin & Alster, 2002). However, this is not always achieved in practice (Waters & Easton, 1999).
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