Natural gas is found in the fine pores of some rocks. The depth at which natural gas is found varies from 1,000 meters to several kilometers. Gas is extracted from underground using specially drilled wells called producing or operating wells. In fact, there are many types of wells and they are used not only for extraction, but also for the study of the geological structure of the subsoil, the prospecting of new deposits, support for operations, etc. The oil and gas extraction industry can be classified into four main processes.• Exploration,• Well development,• Production,• Site abandonment. Exploration involves the search for rock formations associated with oil or gas deposits natural and involves geophysical prospecting and/or exploratory drilling. Well development occurs after exploration has identified an economically recoverable field and involves the construction of one or more wells from the beginning (called spudding) until abandonment if no hydrocarbons are found or until the well is completed if hydrocarbons are found in sufficient quantities. Production is the process of extracting hydrocarbons and separating the mixture of liquid hydrocarbons, gas, water and solids, removing non-saleable constituents and selling the liquid hydrocarbons and gas. Production sites often handle crude oil from more than one well. Oil is almost always processed in a refinery; natural gas can be processed to remove impurities both in the field and in a natural gas processing plant. Finally, site abandonment involves well plugging and site rehabilitation when a recently drilled well does not have the potential to produce economic quantities of oil. or gas, or when a producing well is no longer economically viable. Traditio... half the paper... technological advances mean that a well today can produce twice as much as a single well in 1985. • Drilling waste has decreased by as much as 148 million barrels thanks to increases in drilling productivity wells and to the smallest number of wells. • The drilling footprint of wells is decreased by up to 70% due to advanced drilling technology, which is extremely useful for drilling in sensitive areas. • By using modular drilling rigs and drilling thin holes, the dimensions and the weight of rigs can be reduced by up to 75% compared to traditional rigs, reducing their impact on the surface.• Had technology, and therefore the drilling footprint, remained at 1985 levels, today's drill traces they would occupy another 17,000 acres of land. • New exploration techniques and vibrational sources mean less reliance on explosives, reducing the impact of exploration on the environment.