During the 20th century, the science of psychology developed a role that identified it as essential to life. John B. Watson, B.F. Skinner, and Edward Tolman are a vital part of that journey that transcends from the 19th century to what is now known as “modern psychology” in 2012. In this concise writing the contributions of each man will be revealed and the resolution to define their difference will be incorporated herein. Although each psychologist has commonalities in their perspectives, there is also a form of diffusion between them based on their theories and perspectives. Each theory and concept is like steps on a ladder that define previous events that lead to today's theory known as modern psychology. With respect, John B. Watson is the founder of behaviorism and B.F. Skinner is the founder of radical behaviorism, but Edward Tolman marches to a different drum and is known for developing cognitive theory. Here we will compare and contrast each theory and formulate how each theory is imperative in 2012. John B. Watson Born January 9, 1878 John B. Watson is considered the founder of behaviorism. Behaviorism is a theory that equates behavior with conditioning. Typical examples of behavioral conditioning are classical conditioning and operant conditioning. Classical conditioning is the pairing of a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus that generates an unconditioned response. Subsequently, a neutral stimulus brings about a response without the natural stimulus. Unified, the two elements are thought of as a conditioned stimulus and a conditioned response. Watson's and Skinner's classical conditioning are similar because they both require a form of both negative and positive behavior, volun...... middle of paper ......ng. Tolman was also a behaviorist, but his distinction is expressed by his cognitive theory. Three men, three contributions that will last forever! In 2012, Watson's behavioral theory is still thriving and alive. B.F. Skinner's operant conditioning is used in many occupations and Tolman's cognitive theory is also alive and well in 2012. In conclusion, the theories are timeless and as we approach the new century, other psychologists will emerge to compliment or promote the work by Watson, Skinner, and Tolman! Their works are here to remind us that a theory or concept can be timeless. References: Goodwin, C. J. (2008). A history of modern psychology (3rd ed.). Hoboken, NJ: WileyCooper, S. (2009). Learning theories in educational psychology. Retrieved from http://www.lifecircles-inc.com/Learningtheories/behaviorism/Tolman