179; Lynn-Jones 1998). Compelling evidence to support this weakness is particularly demonstrative in the state of Rwanda in 1993, where over the course of the year an estimated 500,000-1,000,000 Rwandans were killed as a result of democracy promotion that unleashed nationalistic violence. In Burma, elections in 1990 triggered a ruthless military repression aimed primarily at supporters and members of the National League for Democracy (NLD). In Indonesia, dictatorships employ militaries and security agencies in attempts to undermine electoral transitions (Staniland n.d.). In contrast, there have been a large number of states that have avoided serious internal and external conflicts in their transition to democracy (Lynn-Jones 1998). However, the fact remains that the defense of democracy has the capacity to intensify state turbulence rather than attenuate it, giving rise to violent nationalism and ethnic behavior.