Criticisms of attachment theory come primarily from feminist schools of thought as the theory has been used to argue that no woman with a young child should work outside the home or spend time away from her child (Goodsell and Meldrum, 2010). Children's experience and development also depends on what happens after the first few years, whether good or bad later in life can change a child's emotional development, for example lack of basic needs, diet, education, stimuli such as play could influence a child's development (Rutter, 1981 ) Cultural differences must also be taken into consideration. A study by Schaffer and Emmerson (1964) provided contradictory evidence to Bowlby's attachment theory. They noticed that attachment was most evident at the eighth month, and thereafter the babies became attached to more than one person. By one year and six months only 13% of children had a single attachment. This study by Schafer and Emmerson (1964) concluded that the caregiver can be male or female and motherhood can be a shared responsibility. Social workers should therefore understand that parents are not totally responsible for the way children develop. They gave them their genes and therefore have a certain influence. Attachment theory also does not take into account that the father, siblings and other close relatives can also do this. This policy allows working couples to choose how to balance work and parenting commitments to the new baby. The first two weeks are reserved for the mother, but the remaining fifty weeks can be shared between both parents (Glegg, Swinson, 2013). This will certainly give fathers the opportunity to bond with their children on an equal footing with the mother. Sarkadi et al (2007) also suggest that policies should be put in place so that fathers of young children can choose to work part-time jobs so that they can have time with their children.
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