Aristotle defines "speech" as a kind of articulated "voice", and the fundamental difference between "voice" and "speech" is the process of articulation that is performed by tongue. Aristotle thinks that only humans have the ability to use “language” to indicate beneficial and harmful, right and wrong, while other animals can only utter voices to indicate painful and pleasant things. Grammar is the study or use of rules about how words change shape and combine with other words to form sentences. (Cambridge Dictionary). The history of English grammar began in the late 16th century with William Bullokar's Pamphlet for Grammar. In early works the structure and rules of English grammar were based on those of Latin. A more modern approach, incorporating phonology, was introduced in the nineteenth century (Cole, 2005). Extended noun groups are types of nouns that include tangible objects as well as abstract objects. In academic writing, nouns are often used as part of large noun groups. Noun groups are groups of words that provide more information about people, places, or concepts. In systemic functional grammar, a noun group is a group of words that represents or describes an entity, for example "The nice old English police inspector who was sitting at the table is Mr Morse" (Target 4, p. 88). The verb group is one of the groups in English and consists of a group of verbs usually with the lexical verb as the lemma. The structure of the verbal group is dynamic. A verbal group can be made up of a lexical verb or a lexical preceded by an auxiliary verb. Articles are words that define a noun as specific or nonspecific. Consider the following example: After a long day, the cup of tea tasted particularly good (Link 3 page 76). of three vital aspects of English grammar, namely: noun groups, verb groups and articles with relevant examples from prescribed English grammar texts used in grades 9 to 13 in schools around Fiji. Say no to plagiarism essay on "Why Violent Video Games Shouldn't Be Banned"? Get an Original Essay To begin with, nouns and noun groups are used for various purposes in English grammar and have their own functions. First, formal written English uses nouns and noun groups (noun-based sentences) more than verbs. A simple example is: like all other life forms, we humans are the product of evolution. (Reality, page 34). Like all other life forms, we humans are the product of the way we have evolved. The noun "evolution" is preferred to the verb "evolve". Another example is: Premack used a set of plastic chips to teach a chimpanzee named Sarah the meaning of a set of symbols. Premack used a set of plastic chips to teach a chimpanzee called Sarah what a set of symbols means. “The meaning of the symbols” is preferred to “what the symbols mean” (Reality page 54). Second, noun phrases are preferred over verb phrases, Noun groups can function as subjects, complements, or objects of prepositions. Its function as a subject is explained in the following sentence A more detailed life of Lord Reading, Liberal leader in the House of Lords and an important player in the events of 1931. (subject), would be of great value. (Objective 7 page 89). Nominal groups also act as complements. Take for example, There are plans to extract a much larger harvest from the timber resource (Complement). It must be said that the underlined sentence integrates the object Plans.(Target 7 Pg 66) . Its function is also considered asobject of the preposition. For example, the information came very correctly in the investigation files on antimalarial compounds with the investigation number SN-183. The underlined prepositional phrase provides the details of the information. (Objective 7 page 43).The table above shows a complex structure of nominal groups with relevant examples. In general it can be said that nominal groups are identified in English grammar for names of people, places and things and make writings or conversations more understandable. Verb-verbal groups are used in English grammar for many reasons. A verbal group can be made up of a lexical verb or a lexical preceded by an auxiliary verb. The verbal group is the one that occurs under the preacher; that is, everything under the preacher is verbal in nature. The structure is auxiliary (a) and lexical (l). It is not possible to have more than one lexical verb in a sentence. Negation is the operation of changing a sentence or other unit into its negative form, especially by using 'not'. The normal form of negation in English is to add not or its contracted form (n't) after the operator; that is, after the first auxiliary verb or the finite verb 'to be'. In the examples used below, (a) represents 'auxiliary', (n) means 'negator' and (l) stands for 'lexical'. Consider the following: We didn't like the samples he brought. [a, n, l] . He won't leave until you pay his money. [a, n, l]. He couldn't come to the meeting. [a, n, l] (Link 3 pages 94,113&146). Another important function of verb phrases is to introduce a verb as a direct object. In the absence of an operator (modal auxiliary or non-modal auxiliary), we introduce one of the primary auxiliary verbs, specifically the verb do. For example: Tommy hates sweating – Tommy doesn't hate it. Women travel together – Women don't travel together. He cooked the food – He didn't cook the food. The underlined sentences represent the direct object. Similarly, verbs are used as a list of Phrasal Verbs. A phrasal verb is a phrase made up of a verb plus an adverbial. Phrasal verbs are also similar to idioms. For example, argue with someone: Defeat someone in a debate. Sally could always discuss it with him if necessary. Discuss something: reduce something, such as a bill or price, by arguing. I tried to lower the price, but it didn't help. Tom couldn't argue with the bill. (English Basics, page 119). All in all, it can be said that verb-verb groups play a vital role in bringing out action in sentences for clarity and analysis purposes. The final aspect of the grammar part of speech for this article is the use of Articles. The English language uses three words as articles: “a” before indefinite singular nouns that begin with a consonant sound, “an” before indefinite singular nouns that begin with a vowel, and “the” before definite nouns. "A"/"An" is considered a substitute for "One" or "Any". This is the most common use of indefinite articles. You should use "a" or "an" before any singular countable noun that is indefinite. For example, you say, “I saw a dog this morning.” (Target 5 page 23) .Use "a" because the dog is neither your dog nor the only dog ​​in town; it's just a dog you happened to see. "A"/"An" is used to show frequency (incidence or event) or Allocation (allocation or portion). You say, “The show costs $20 per person,” or “I visit my relatives twice a year.” Using “a” or “an” in this way denotes frequency or assignment (Objective 3 page 76). Similarly, "A"/"An" is used as a Single One (alone or by itself). or “an” like this is a little old fashioned, but you can still see and hear it used. “A” or “An” can be used in negative sentences to emphatically state “un.