RNA interference (RNAi) is one of the most exciting and revolutionary new therapeutic approaches that has attracted considerable attention in recent decades. It has been discovered that gene expression can be controlled at the messenger RNA level via noncoding RNAs. RNAi is an important pathway leading to explicit gene silencing and down-regulation. Say no to plagiarism. Get a tailor-made essay on "Why Violent Video Games Shouldn't Be Banned"? Get an Original Essay Gene therapy is a medical intervention that uses genes to treat or prevent disease. If the gene of interest were successfully delivered to the desired site, this strategy would allow the direct insertion of a gene into a specific cell. Therefore, different types of biocompatible nanoparticles have been used to deliver genes intended for gene therapy to overcome the disadvantages encountered with traditional methods used for genetic material delivery. Gene therapy Nanoparticles as therapeutic agents can be administered to targeted sites, including places that cannot be easily reached by standard drugs. For example, if a drug can be chemically attached to a nanoparticle, it can then be guided to the site of disease or infection via radio or magnetic signals. These nanodrugs can also be designed to “release” only at times when specific molecules are present or when external triggers (such as infrared heat) are provided. At the same time, the harmful side effects of potent drugs can be avoided by reducing the effective dosage needed to treat the patient. By encapsulating drugs in nanoscale materials (such as organic dendrimers, hollow polymer capsules and nanoshells), release can be controlled much more precisely than ever before. Drugs are designed to carry a therapeutic payload (radiation, chemotherapy, or gene therapy) as well as for imaging applications. Many agents that cannot be administered orally due to their poor bioavailability, will now have scope in therapy with the help of nanotechnology. Nanoformulations offer protection for agents vulnerable to degradation or denaturation when exposed to extreme pH and also extend the half-life of a drug by expanding formulation retention through bioadhesion. Another broad application of nanotechnology is the delivery of antigens for vaccination. Recent advances in encapsulation and the development of suitable animal models have demonstrated that microparticles and nanoparticles are capable of improving immunization. Drug DeliveryIn therapy: Nanotechnology can provide new drug formulations with fewer side effects and routes for drug delivery. Diseases should be diagnosed and treated before symptoms even appear, this is optimal. Nucleic acid diagnostics plays a crucial role in this process, as it allows the detection of pathogens and diseased cells at such an early and asymptomatic stage of disease progression that effective treatment is more feasible. In diagnosis: The main diagnostic methods for most diseases depend on the manifestation of visible symptoms so that doctors know that a disease exists. But when these symptoms appear, treatment may have a reduced chance of being effective. Therefore, the earlier a disease is detected, the greater the chance of cure. Applications: Loading drugs onto nanoparticles increases cellular and tissue distribution, which improves drug efficacy and reduces