Literature review: Say no to plagiarism. Get a tailor-made essay on "Why Violent Video Games Shouldn't Be Banned"? Get an Original Essay Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age, affecting 6%-10% of women worldwide (Kumarnarendran et al 2018). PCOS represents a major health burden for women with economic costs in America estimated at $4.36 billion per year (Arentz et al 2017). Diagnostic criteria include the presence of androgen excess, oligomenorrhea, and evidence of polycystic ovaries on ultrasound (Kumarnarendran et al 2018). Its diagnosis is based on the presence of at least two of the following criteria: hyperandrogenism, determined by the presence of an excess of testosterone characterized by hirsutism; ovarian dysfunction characterized by oligoamenorrhea and chronic anovulation; and the detection of a specific morphology of the polycystic ovary (Pasquali, 2018). Although conventionally perceived as a reproductive disorder, PCOS is now emerging as a lifelong metabolic disorder, with evidence of increased prevalence of obesity, insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome (Kumarnarendran et al 2018). Evidence-based restorative treatments should emphasize a multidisciplinary approach for PCOS, but because the usual pharmaceutical treatment tends towards a single manifestation, it may sometimes be contraindicated and is often associated with reactions. Furthermore, women with PCOS have shown a strong need for replacement treatment as approximately 2 in 5 women with this condition prefer herbs (Arentz et al 2014a, 2014b). Plant-based medicines contain biologically active chemicals that can alter reproductive endocrinology in women with PCOS (Arentz et al 2014a, 2014b). Paeoniae Radix is ​​the dried root of Paeonia lactiflora, called peony in English and Shakuyaku in Japanese and is used frequently in traditional Japanese medicine and was first described in China in 200 BC and the plant products were used in ancient Greece for their medicinal benefits (Shimada-Takaura et al 2018). Within the Paeonia lactiflora group, white peony root is produced in the southern parts of China and red peony root is produced in the northern parts of China and is used for different remedies (Zhu et al 2014). White peony root has been used for abdominal pain, diarrhea, blood failure, and unpredictable menstruation and so on, while red peony root has essentially been used for blood stasis, gynecological problems, cardiovascular disease and so on (Zhu et to 2014). White peony has been central to the conventional Chinese solution and appears to affect human androgen levels in vitro and in a report found in the American Diary of Chinese Prescription, Takeuchi et al described the effects of paeoniflorin, a compound found in white peony which hindered the creation of testosterone and advanced the movement of aromatase, which turns testosterone into estrogen (Grant and Ramasamy 2012). Although only P. Lactiflora has two other root types available depending on its geographic location, Paeoniae is not limited to one species. It has been found that in two regular but different types of peony, namely P. lactiflora and P. veitchii, some normal mixtures of flavonoids, hydrolyzable tannins (polyphenols) and monoterpene glycosides are present but their phytochemical bioavailability is different (Parker et al 2016 ). The confirmation suggests that the two species, when controlled in whole plant form, have an excellent health profile, but P. lactiflora has more notable potential for antiviral, antibacterial and cancer-preventive action.