IndexIntroduction [WU4]Thin layer chromatographyAdvantages of the TLC methodRetarding factorOverviewMaterial, method and discussionConclusion [WU5]MethodDiscussionAbstract: The Carica papaya tree always has a soft main trunk and is equipped with tufts leaves that are high up. Its fruits differ in shape, size, taste and color. Papaya is grown in almost all tropical countries and is used as a medicine. Quecertin flavonoid is a plant pigment found in many plants and foods, it is used as a standard in the TLC[WU1] of aqueous extracts of Carica papaya. The main objective [WU2] of this experiment is to optimize the TLC protocol of the aqueous extract of Carica papaya using the right mobile solvent that will provide the best resolution. The separation depends on the relative affinity of the compounds towards the stationary phase. Compounds under the influence of the mobile phase (driven by capillary action) travel to the surface of the stationary phase. During this movement, compounds with high affinity for the stationary phase travel slowly while others travel faster. In this way, separation of components is achieved.[WU3]Say no to plagiarism. Get a tailor-made essay on "Why Violent Video Games Shouldn't Be Banned"? Get Original EssayKeywords: Carica papaya, quecertin flavonoid, thin layer chromatography.Introduction [WU4] Carica papaya is a plant commonly known as pawpaw or pawpaw as it belongs to the caricaceous plant family. Papaya is a tree-shaped plant with an iridescent steam that grows 5 to 10 cm tall, has spiral leaves that taper towards the top of the stem. Papaya contains a broad spectrum of phytochemicals that includes enzymes in the latex, carotenoids in the fruits and seeds, alkaloids in the leaves, phenolic compounds in the fruits, leaves and shoots, as well as glucosinolates in the seeds and fruits. The fruits are large oval in shape and are similar to melon having a central seed cavity, so they are sometimes known as pepolike berries. The fruits weigh up to 9,072 kg and are green until ripe, becoming yellow or red-orange. When ripe, the pulp ranges from yellow-orange to salmon (pink-orange). The edible part surrounds the large central cavity of the seed. The entire papaya plant contains a wide variety of pharmacologically active constituents. It contains a high nutritional value that helps prevent the oxidation of cholesterol. "This plant is cultivated almost in all tropical and subtropical countries of the world, especially in India, the Philippines, Sri Lanka, Nigeria and Tanzania, etc." (Subenthiran et al. 2013). Papaya is used medicinally as a treatment for upper respiratory tract disorders and for many diseases or infections such as psychiatric diseases, scorpion bites, hypertensive toothache, tuberculosis, liver inflammation, arthritis and rheumatism. The crushed leaves of Carica papaya have been used for anthelmintic and anti-fever purposes. The main active ingredient present in papaya leaves is the macrocyclic lactone carpain. This compound can reduce blood pressure and heart rate, the movement of the intestinal stripes, and can also cause marked relaxation of the uterus and dilation of the bronchitis.“ The flavonoid quercetin is a plant pigment found in many plants and foods , such as red wine, onions, green tea, apples, berries, Ginkgo biloba and is used as a medicine'' (wors 2018). Quercetin flavonoids are phenolic substances, so certain cancers, metabolic disorders, and cardiovascular disease risks are reduced by ingesting flavonoids. "The flavonoid quecertin is known for itsanti-inflammatory, vasodilatory and antihypertensive properties since it is an important bioflavonoid present in more than many plant materials" (Parasuraman et al.2016:89). Thin layer chromatography Thin layer chromatography (TLC) is a technique widely used in synthetic chemistry to identify the compounds, determine their purity by performing the progress of a reaction It also allows the optimization of the solvent system for a given separation problem. It requires only a small amount of compound and is also much faster. “A thin layer chromatography uses a thin, uniform layer of silica gel or alumina coated on a piece of glass, metal, or rigid plastic” (Clark. 2007). mixture of solvents. Solvents are used for the separation of mixtures of highly polar and non-polar compounds. Methanol and acetone are one of the solvents that can be used in thin layer chromatography. Methanol is commonly used for the extraction of bioactive substances and is used for the extraction of various polar compounds, but some groups of non-polar compounds are impartially soluble in methanol, if not freely soluble. This technique is used to verify the purity of certain samples, identifies compounds such as acids, alcohols, proteins, alkaloids, amines, antibiotics and more. Evaluate the reaction process by evaluating the intermediates, the course of the reaction, and so on. Advantages of the TLC method It is a simple process that has a short development time. It easily helps to visualize the separate compound points. The method helps to identify the individual compounds. It helps to isolate most of the compounds. The separation method is faster and the selectivity of the compounds is higher (even small differences in chemistry are enough for a clear separation). The standards of purity for a given sample can be evaluated easily. It is a more economical chromatographic method. Components of the TLCTLC plate system, preferably already packaged with stationary phase: these are stable and chemically inert plates, where a thin layer of stationary phase is applied over its entire surface layer. The stationary phase on the plates is uniform in thickness and has a fine particle size. The TLC chamber is used for the development of the TLC plate. The chamber maintains a uniform environment inside for correct stain development. It also prevents evaporation of solvents and keeps the process dust-free. The mobile phase consists of a solvent or a mixture of solvents. The mobile phase used must be free of particles and of the highest purity for correct development of the TLC spots. Recommended solvents are chemically inert with the sample, a stationary phase. Retardation Factor A retardation factor is a characteristic value for any compound (provided it has the same stationary and mobile phases used). “This value provides corroborating evidence about the identity of a compound” (Clack.2007). It is always known that the value range should be between 0 and 1, the formula used to calculate the retarding factor is as follows:OverviewTraditional plants contain various secondary metabolites such as phenolic compounds, steroids, alkaloids and aterpenoid compounds. These compounds exhibit antioxidant activities that include the scavenging of free radical species and inhibit the production of reactive species that result from normal cellular metabolism. The present study was undertaken to analyze the thin layer chromatography and antioxidant activities of methanolic extract of Carica papaya leaf. Antioxidant activities were performed using the DPPH free radical scavenging test, which includes the OH* free radical scavenging test, theNO radical elimination test*, the Fe3+* reducing power test and the phosphomolybdeum reduction test. The Carica papaya tree always has a soft main trunk and tufted leaves at the top. Papaya fruits vary in size, shape, color and taste. Antioxidants play an important role in the body's defense system against reactive oxygen species (ROS) as they combine with reactive oxygen species and cancel their toxic effect. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as superoxide anion, hydroxyl radical and hydrogen peroxide and other exogenous factors are generally the cause of numerous fatal diseases such as coronary heart disease, stroke, rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes and cancer. Hence, any plant possessing antioxidant activity could be a potential boon for curing any of the above ailments. Material, method and discussion Carica papaya leaves were collected from Porur, Chennai in India. The implant was authenticated by Prof.Dr.N. Raaman Center for Advanced Studies in Botany, Universities of Madras and Chennai in India. The leaves were thoroughly washed and dried in the shade for 10 days. The dried leaves were ground into a coarse powder using a mechanical blender and stored in an airtight container until further use. The leaves were ground and pulverized as a solvent by the maceration method. Initially, coarse in methanol for 3 days. Then the supernatant was filtered through filter paper. The powdered extracts were concentrated using a rotary evaporator and a greenish-black sticky residue was obtained. Thin layer chromatography was performed for methanol extract of c.papaya leaves on Merck TLC aluminum foil, silica gel 60 F254 (20x20 cm), pre-coated plates. The methanolic extract of C. papaya leaves was detected 0.3 mm above the bottom of the TLC plate. The chromatogram was developed in a mixture of a suitable solvent system. The spots were visualized with ultraviolet light at 254 nm. The Rf values ​​of the colored spots were recorded. The methanol extract of C. papaya leaves was subjected to preliminary phytochemical screening using standard methods. The methanol extract of c.papaya leaves has been screened for different classes of phytoconstituents such as flavonoids, phenolic compounds, alkaloids and glucosinolates etc. Total flavonoid content was determined by the aluminum chloride (AlCl3) method using Quecertin as the standard. The plant extract (0.1 mL) was added to 0.3 mL distilled water followed by 5% NaNO3 (0.03 mL). After 5 minutes at 250°C, AlCl3 (0.03 ml, 10%) was added. After another 5 minutes, the reaction mixture was treated with 0.2 ml of 1 mM NaOH. Finally, the reaction mixture was diluted to 1 mL with water and the absorbance was measured at 510 nm. The result was expressed as Quecertin equivalent. The radical scavenging tests were measured and their results were obtained and calculated using,Conclusion [WU5] The methanol extract of C. papaya leaves showed the presence of a significant amount of phenols and flavonoids.Method7 mg flavonoid of quercetin and 5 mg of dried Carica papaya were both weighed using an analytical balance. Solutions of 5 mg/ml Carica papaya and 7 mg/ml quercetin flavonoid were prepared in a conical tube using distilled water. A thin mark was made on the bottom of the plates with a pencil to apply the sample dots. Next, quercetin flavonoid and Carica papaya sample solutions were applied to the points marked on the line at equal distances. The mobile phase composed of 90% acetone and 90% 0.9.