Researchers knew that intensity of effort is an important factor in setting up an exercise program, and although studies have been conducted in terrestrial environments, such as running , field sports, etc. different results in aquatic environments. Fabiane Graef and Luiz Kruel wrote a review article compiled from various studies on how the intensity of effort differs between normal exercises and those that take place in water. The authors did not make any hypotheses, but reviewed several works to support their study. The number of participants in the studies is unknown, as the groups differ along with the number of studies reviewed by the authors for the aquatic exercise article. Say no to plagiarism. Get a tailor-made essay on "Why Violent Video Games Shouldn't Be Banned"? Get an original essay The intensity of effort is determined primarily by heart rate and the subjective perception of effort, but heart rate is the easiest to measure. In most studies, researchers recorded changes in heart rate during land-based exercises compared to aquatic ones, and it became evident that heart rate decreases when performing exercises in water, such as swimming or running in shallow water. . When the human body is free, free-floating and less affected by gravity, more blood is pumped and the heart's stroke volume increases, thus reducing the heart rate. In water gymnastics, it decreases even more because more muscles work in the water than on land, as when both arms and legs are used to swim, and more blood needs to be pumped to those muscles. The heart rate also drops if a person relaxes in water and there is a big difference in beats per minute between relaxing in water and aquatic gymnastics. It has also been found that heart rate decreases more in men than women. There were some aquatic exercises, such as water cycling, that were less effective at dynamically reducing people's heart rate. Limitations for the aquatic exercise study included whether heart rate would be altered by the person's depth in the water and the heart rate of the water. temperature. According to the review of studies, the decrease in heart rate can be caused by deeper immersion in water and lower, colder temperatures. When the human body is in or immersed in water, hydrostatic pressure causes blood to make a venous return to the heart, thus increasing the stroke volume and decreasing the rate of beats per minute. At lower water temperatures, blood also flows to the heart to maintain body heat and also causes an increase in the amount of blood pumped through the heart. Regarding the subjective perception of effort, the Borg Rate of Perceived Exertion scale is a useful tool for indicating the intensity of an individual's training. The results of the scale, however, can be hindered by differentiated patterns of repetitive motor gestures and the duration of the exercise. Basically the authors came to understand that heart rate decreases in water, influenced by pressure and body heat, and that rate can also be influenced by immersion, temperature and body position. Subjective perceptions of effort can be used to measure intensity of effort with the Borg scale, however heart rate may be more reliable. Please note: this is just an example. Get a custom paper from our expert writers now. Get a custom essay La.