Chemistry is a vital part of laboratory in hospital. The tools and tests performed every day are an important part of finding out what might be wrong with patients. The tools help in the diagnosis of acute diabetic ketoacidosis. Some of the signs that might help diagnose acute diabetic ketoacidosis before or in conjunction with chemical tests are excessive vomiting, hunger, asthma, hyperventilation, uremia, emphysema, and chronic renal failure. The chemistry bench uses a cardiac panel to identify problems that can lead to a cardiovascular event. By performing this test, you could give someone a second chance at life by catching problems early. Say no to plagiarism. Get a tailor-made essay on "Why Violent Video Games Shouldn't Be Banned"? Get an original essay The human body produces hormones every day. Some of these hormones include aldosterone, testosterone, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and estradiol. Doctors will order tests for these hormones depending on what the signs and symptoms might be. Tumor markers are also analyzed on the chemical bench. Tumor markers help determine whether or not treatments are working. Lipid panel: Tests specific lipids in the blood. This test is very important to measure the importance of cardiovascular diseases that occur. All these tests are often performed on patients every day to help them in their health. Diabetic ketoacidosis accounts for 135,000 hospital admissions annually in the United States at a cost of approximately US$2.5 billion per year. In acute diabetic ketoacidosis there is an insulin deficiency which causes an increase in blood sugar because glucose is not transported into the cell by insulin. Insulin is the open door for glucose. Even in diabetic ketoacidosis there is no inhibition of the transport of fatty acids into the matrix of the mitochondria in which an accumulation of fatty acids occurs in the mitochondria forming Beta oxidation. These fatty acids are acetoacetate, acetone and beta hydroxybutyrate. A buildup of these acids will overwhelm the body causing asthma and hyperventilation. To prevent this from happening it is prevalent to treat the signs and symptoms in the early stage. Signs of this can be the fruity smell of fatty acids. Beta oxidation occurs when long chains of fatty acids are broken into two carbon units. The two carbon units are transported into the Krebs cycle forming ketone bodies when they combine with each other. Ketone bodies lead to acidosis which is specifically called an anion gap. Low insulin levels lead to high glucose levels which lead to dehydration. This happens because the accumulation of glucose is so high that it exceeds the threshold of the kidneys. It's called osmotic diuresis, which means there are too many particles in the urine because the kidneys can't filter them, which causes dehydration which causes excessive urination. When the kidneys begin to suppress excess end products of amino acid and protein metabolism, such as urea and creatinine, in the blood that would normally be excreted in the urine. This is called uremia. When glucose is no longer transported into the cell, energy can no longer be produced, which puts the body into metabolic starvation mode. Diabetic ketoacidosis causes low extracellular pH. Low extracellular pH equals high extracellular concentration of H+, which is pushed into the cell in exchange for positive K+ ions, which exit the cell, so the extracellular concentration of K+ increases, which will paralyze the stomach, thus causing severe distentionstomach and vomiting. Emphysema in acute diabetic ketoacidosis occurs due to acidotic respiration and vomiting. Additionally, emphysema is caused by rupture of the alveoli with activity due to high intrathoracic pressure. Kidney damage that lasts more than 3 months is called chronic renal failure. This often occurs in acute diabetic ketoacidosis because the kidney failure becomes permanent due to the kidney damage. A cardiac panel is a set of tests on health factors that have been shown to indicate a person's likelihood of having a cardiovascular event such as a stroke or heart attack. Risks for these events to occur include age, family history, weight, cigarette smoking, blood pressure, diet, exercise, physical activity, and diabetes. Tests that are part of the cardiac panel include a complete blood count (CBC), complete metabolic panel (CMP), C-reactive protein, plasma homocysteine, lipoprotein, lipid panel with LDL:HDL ratio - includes cholesterol, LDL:HDL ratio , total cholesterol, LDL calculation, HDL calculation, triglycerides and VLDL calculation. The complete blood count will help determine specific ailments and the patient's general health status. The Comprehensive Metabolic Panel (CMP) will help manage the status of your kidneys, liver, electrolytes and acid/base balance, as well as blood sugars and proteins. C-reactive protein is useful for assessing the risk of heart disease, cardiovascular disease, and other diseases with inflammatory properties. Finally, homocysteine ​​determines whether you are deficient in folate or vitamin B12. Tumor markers are normal protein substances produced by cells. Tumor markers are normally produced by cancer cells. They can also be obtained from normal cells. When someone has cancer, they will be produced at a higher level than normal. Cancer antigen 125 (CA125) is a tumor marker that occurs to a greater extent when ovarian cancer is present. CA 125 is normally measured by a blood test. It can also be measured by fluid in the chest or abdominal cavity. These tests are used to measure the antibody directed against CA 125. Cancer antigen 19 is a tumor marker to see whether treatment works or not for pancreatic cancer, gallbladder cancer, bile duct cancer, and gastric cancer. Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is a tumor marker measured to help diagnose liver cancer and follow response to treatment; to evaluate the stage, prognosis and response to treatment of germ cell tumors. Another important tumor marker is carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). This tumor marker is used to track the effectiveness of the treatment and whether or not the cancer has returned. The tumor marker CEA is usually associated with colorectal cancer. Beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (Beta-hCG) is associated with choriocarcinoma and germ cell tumors. Beta-hCG can be tested with both urine and blood. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is a tumor marker specific to prostate cancer. The reason to measure this antigen is to aid in diagnosis, evaluate response to treatment, and look for recurrences. Lipid panel test for specific lipids in the blood. This test is very important to measure the importance of cardiovascular diseases that occur. Testing should be done for adults, every four to six years; for young people, once between the ages of 9 and 11 and again between 17 and 21. A lipid panel includes total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides. To calculate total cholesterol, you would add low-density lipoprotein.