He gave the readers facts, but are they really facts? Can they be proven? No, that's exactly how it is. He makes his readers believe every word he wrote in his writing style, but he doesn't provide any real facts to support what he is saying as true. Twain uses many different pathologies in his essay to try to demonstrate his experiments and/or beliefs such as using the reader's emotions. Use the reader's emotions to connect or reflect on the topic to allow you to prove your point. He also uses ethics by saying he is using the scientific method. This is trying to make readers believe that he conducted these experiments. However, even with the writing style he uses, there is still nothing to prove that animals are better than the human species. Perhaps Twain's focus in writing this essay was to try to convince the human species to do so