Business ethics could be classified as one of the least studied topics, although it has been widely recognized as very significant (Bushe & Gilbertson, 2007). Being in a competitive market, most businesses have a formal or informal code of ethics that helps them determine whether certain business activities are acceptable or not, especially when managers are faced with dilemmas (Velasquez & Velazquez, 2002). This is because behaviors are justified by theories, oriented by the most basic question “what is the right thing to do” (Grace, 1998; Takala, 2012). To address the mentioned issue, it is necessary to first explore the definition of ethics and, in particular, business ethics. Obviously, the term business ethics is abstracted from the general word ethics. The term ethics comes from an ancient Greek word – ethikos – which refers to the authority of tradition (Grace, 1998; HARTMANN, 1980). While some have defined ethics as a systematic framework that guides the ways in which actions are conducted and the types of values favored (De George, 1999), others see it as the tool for examining the moral standards of an individual or society and determine whether it is reasonable (Velasquez & Velazquez, 2002). Business ethics, it seems, addresses ethics applied to activities in the field of business operations, which is relatively more micro and practical (Gendler, Siegel & Cahn, 2007). In general, the most common ethical theories used to justify business decisions are called teleological and deontological ethics (Gendler, Siegel & Cahn, 2007; Bushe & Gilbertson, 2007). While the first principle focuses on the consequences of behaviors, considering those that could lead to positive effects morally right, the second pays more attention... to the medium of paper... and to limitations. As for the most just and effective one, according to research that evaluates all five principles (i.e. act utilitarianism, rule utilitarianism, selfishness, rule deontology and act deontology), it is not able to express a judgement. Indeed, some participants have no particular theory they believe in and do not use it to direct their business activities. This is due to the internal imperfection of each theory, as well as external effects and controls. To conclude, participants select different types of philosophy to rationalize their decision in various situations. However, another study indicated that employees with less than 10 years of work experience are more likely to foster selfishness, which may explain their maturity (DeConinck & Lewis, 1997; Trevino & Nelson, 2010; Bowie, 2000; Vadell, 2009; Donaldson & Werhane, 1999)
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