These were areas of space to which people were legally bound based on their region of registration, as indicated in their propiska. People found without proper documentation were institutionalized, confined to prisons and sent to detention centers (Stephenson, 2006: 159). The propiska “became the precondition for all civil benefits and rights: work, housing, medical insurance, public assistance, ration cards, education, voting rights, even access to public libraries” (Höjdestrand, 2009: 24). For the homeless, this stratification in Moscow meant that they were given a plot of land behind the 101st kilometer, which Stephenson describes as a space where “social waste was removed” (Stephenson, 2006: