INTRODUCTION This essay focuses on China-Taiwan relations in terms of One China politics and the Taiwan issue. The document will first provide an overview of the historical context of Beijing-Taipei relations and its ties with the United States. Next, we will discuss the One China Policy and its different interpretations. From an international relations perspective, the Taiwan Strait, one of the most likely conflict zones in the Asia-Pacific region, has been nicknamed the "Eastern Balkan Peninsula." The status of Taiwan has been one of the most complex issues in the international relations arena in recent decades. The Taiwan issue is essentially an extension of the “two Chinas” problem, which creates a dilemma to accommodate the existence of Taiwan under the vague concept of “One China” policy (Hsieh, P., 2009). The Taiwan issue is considered the most sensitive issue between China and the United States. Although China-US relations have made significant progress, the Taiwan issue has troubled Chinese and American decision-makers for many years. The Taiwan issue has been at the center of China's foreign policy since the founding of the PRC. Normally understood as a matter of state sovereignty, territorial integrity and vital national interest, the Taiwan issue can be discussed at four levels. First, domestically, the question of state legitimacy affects much of the motivations behind the communist leadership in China. Second, at the cross-Strait level, it concerns the ongoing historical dispute between Chinese people on both sides of the Taiwan Strait over the reunification of China. Third, at the regional level, it is part of regional power politics among gr...... middle of paper ......udies Vol.75. Mao Zedong Waijiao Wenxuan. (1994). Selected Diplomatic Works of Mao Zedong. By the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China and the Institute of Documentary Studies of the CPC Central Committee. Beijing: Central Documentation Press and World Affairs Press.6. Kai He and Huiyun Feng. (2009). Leadership, regime security, and China's policy toward Taiwan: Potential theory and the Taiwan crisis. Pacific Magazine, Vol. 22 No. 4 September 2009: 501–5217. Kan A. Shirley. (2013). China/Taiwan: Evolution of the One China Policy: Key Statements from Washington, Beijing and Taipei. Congressional Research Service.8. Chiang Y. Frank. (2004). A Chinese policy and Taiwan. Fordham International Law Journal. Volume 28, number 1.9. Pazienza, M. (2014, February 11). China and Taiwan at first government talks. BBC News. Retrieved from: http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-26129171