Man has reflected for centuries on the mind, on its existence, on its beginning, on its limit, on its substance, and has fought against all different arguments. But how do we know if any animal has a mind? Is intelligence unique to humans? Professor Donald Griffin pointed out that “consciousness is not an all-or-none orderly entity, it varies with age, culture, experience and gender. And if animals have conscious experiences, these presumably also vary widely.” If humans have minds, it must be possible for animals to have minds too. And while no one would believe that earthworms and earwigs have mental processes like ours, chimpanzees have been shown to share 98% of their genome with humans. Chimpanzees have also shown that they can lie and deceive their competitors, and monkeys are able to recognize themselves in mirrors, thus proving that they are capable of self-awareness, the very thing that distinguishes us from animals. From this we can easily understand that chimpanzees and monkeys must have a mind, but with capacities inferior to ours. Professor David Armstrong has exposed the inadequacies of behaviorism to us: it should not be trusted completely to establish the capacity of the mind in other animals, but it will certainly help us discover it. Nowadays, we look to science for reason. Science was what overtook us so rapidly from its revolution in the 17th century onwards. We have created many advanced machines with science: we have eliminated their defects with science. And therefore, looking for the mind in other animals, we will reasonably look towards science. 'Human intelligence appears to be composed of a number of interrelated and cooperating neural functions, many of which are already present in other primates, on... middle of paper... become a very reliable thing. What is obvious is not necessarily true, but what is scientifically proven generally is. Humans are aware that other humans have minds because they can share these experiences. The difficulty in testing whether animals have minds is that we cannot share experiences with animals, communication is difficult. Although this could change. Symbolic language experts with chimpanzees and monkeys are able to communicate with each other in sign language. “Experiments with the chimpanzees Koko and Washoe and the gorilla Kenzi have shown that they are able to invent new words, construct abstract sentences and express their feelings using American Sign Language or computer-based symbolic language.” This is concrete scientific evidence that shows that these primates have an intelligence and mind almost like ours, although the extent is far from being shown..